Laravel Vs Symfony – concetti chiave e terminologia
Symfony e Laravel sono due framework PHP molto popolari, ciascuno con un approccio e una terminologia unica. In questo articolo, confronto i principali concetti di Laravel con quelli equivalenti in Symfony, offrendo esempi di codice per ciascun caso.
Middleware (Laravel) vs Event Subscriber (Symfony)
Laravel: Middleware
I middleware in Laravel sono classi che filtrano le richieste HTTP. Possono essere utilizzati per compiti come l’autenticazione o la registrazione dei log.
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<?php
namespace App\Http\Middleware;
use Closure;
class CheckAge
{
public function handle($request, Closure $next)
{
if ($request->age < 18) {
return redirect('home');
}
return $next($request);
}
}
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Symfony: Event Subscriber
In Symfony, il concetto simile si realizza con gli Event Subscriber o i Kernel Events, che permettono di manipolare le richieste e risposte.
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<?php
namespace App\EventSubscriber;
use Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventSubscriberInterface;
use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Event\RequestEvent;
class CheckAgeSubscriber implements EventSubscriberInterface
{
public static function getSubscribedEvents()
{
return [
RequestEvent::class => 'onKernelRequest',
];
}
public function onKernelRequest(RequestEvent $event)
{
$request = $event->getRequest();
if ($request->get('age') < 18) {
$event->setResponse(new RedirectResponse('/home'));
}
}
}
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Eloquent ORM (Laravel) vs Doctrine ORM (Symfony)
Laravel: Eloquent ORM
Laravel utilizza Eloquent come ORM per interagire con il database tramite Active Record.
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namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class User extends Model
{
protected $fillable = ['name', 'email', 'password'];
}
// Query example
$users = User::where('active', true)->get();
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Symfony: Doctrine ORM
Symfony utilizza Doctrine come ORM, basato sul pattern Data Mapper.
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<?php
namespace App\Entity;
use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping as ORM;
#[ORM\Entity]
class User
{
#[ORM\Id]
#[ORM\GeneratedValue]
#[ORM\Column(type: 'integer')]
private $id;
#[ORM\Column(type: 'string')]
private $name;
#[ORM\Column(type: 'string')]
private $email;
// Getters and setters...
}
// Query example
$users = $entityManager->getRepository(User::class)->findBy(['active' => true]);
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Routes: Laravel vs Symfony
Laravel: Routes
In Laravel, le rotte vengono definite in file come web.php o api.php.
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use App\Http\Controllers\UserController;
Route::get('/users', [UserController::class, 'index']);
Symfony: Routing
In Symfony, le rotte sono definite nei file YAML, XML o con annotazioni PHP.
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# config/routes.yaml
users:
path: /users
controller: App\Controller\UserController::index
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[sh_prismjs_pre class=”language-php” ]
namespace App\Controller;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Annotation\Route;
class UserController
{
#[Route('/users', name: 'user_index')]
public function index()
{
// ...
}
}
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Policies (Laravel) vs Voter (Symfony)
Laravel: Policies
Le Policies in Laravel vengono utilizzate per gestire l’autenticazione degli utenti.
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<?php
namespace App\Policies;
use App\Models\User;
use App\Models\Post;
class PostPolicy
{
/**
* Determina se il post specificato può essere aggiornato dall’utente.
*
* @param \App\Models\User $user
* @param \App\Models\Post $post
* @return bool
*/
public function update(User $user, Post $post): bool
{
return $user->id === $post->user_id;
}
}
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Symfony: Voter
In Symfony, il concetto equivalente è realizzato tramite i Voter.
[sh_prismjs_pre class=”language-php” ]
<?php
namespace App\Security\Voter;
use Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\Voter;
use Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authentication\Token\TokenInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Authorization\Voter\Attribute\Post;
class PostVoter extends Voter
{
protected function supports(string $attribute, $subject): bool
{
return $attribute === 'POST_EDIT' && $subject instanceof Post;
}
protected function voteOnAttribute(string $attribute, $subject, TokenInterface $token): bool
{
$user = $token->getUser();
return $user->getId() === $subject->getUserId();
}
}
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Providers (Laravel) vs Symfony Services
Laravel: Providers
I Service Providers in Laravel sono utilizzati per registrare i servizi all’interno dell’applicazione. Ogni provider estende la classe ServiceProvider e contiene metodi per configurare i servizi.
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<?php
namespace App\Providers;
use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
public function register()
{
$this->app->bind('App\Contracts\ExampleContract', function ($app) {
return new ExampleImplementation();
});
}
public function boot()
{
// Code to bootstrap services...
}
}
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Symfony: Services
In Symfony, l’equivalente dei Providers è il sistema di Dependency Injection attraverso il Service Container. I servizi vengono definiti nei file di configurazione (ad esempio, YAML o XML) o tramite attributi nella classe.
[sh_prismjs_pre class=”language-yaml” ]
# config/services.yaml
services:
App\Service\ExampleService:
arguments:
$dependency: '@App\Service\DependencyService'
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[sh_prismjs_pre class=”language-php” ]
<?php
namespace App\Service;
class ExampleService
{
private $dependency;
public function __construct(DependencyService $dependency)
{
$this->dependency = $dependency;
}
public function doSomething()
{
// ...
}
}
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Invio Email: Laravel vs Symfony
Laravel: Invio Email
Laravel utilizza una sintassi semplice per inviare email con il supporto integrato per i driver di posta.
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Mail::to('user @ example.com')->send(new WelcomeEmail($user));
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Symfony: Invio Email
Symfony utilizza il componente Mailer.
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use Symfony\Component\Mailer\MailerInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Mime\Email;
$email = (new Email())
->from('hello @ example.com')
->to('user @ example.com')
->subject('Welcome!')
->text('Hello and welcome!');
$mailer->send($email);
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Conclusione
Laravel e Symfony offrono strumenti potenti per la creazione di applicazioni web, ma si distinguono per approccio e terminologia. Scegliere il framework giusto dipende dalle esigenze specifiche del progetto e dalle preferenze personali del team.
